Inditex Report Essay Essays

Inditex Report Essay Essays Inditex Report Essay Essay Inditex Report Essay Essay IntroductionThe purpose and aims of composing this study is to analyze the concern schemes or theoretical accounts adopted by the Inditex Group and to reexamine whether this schemes will back up its operation in carry throughing their future duty. Furthermore. it aims to measure the strategic option of the organisation in either from a corporate scheme position or strategic concern unit ( SBU ) perspective that could be adopted by the Inditex Group. This study will besides foreground the vision. mission and aims of the Inditex Group Company. In add-on. the study will travel farther by accessing the group human resources and direction in order to clearly nail any direction alterations in the organisation. if there is any. and to cognize who the direction are and their place in the determination doing procedure of the company. In order to accomplish the rule aims of this study. the study will be categorised into Internal and External analysis. This is done in order to to the full analy ze the current place of Inditex Group in the market from all positions. besides to entree if Inditex is a healthy company to put in. and besides accessing the current strategic adopted by the company. The company Internal analysis will be based on the followers ; Fiscal Analysis: This will concentrate on all the fiscal facet of the company. Human resources and Management Analysis: focal point on the direction system of the company. Market Analysis: This will concentrate on the company’s current market place. Operations Analysis: This will concentrate on how and where the company execute it daily activities. Prioritized Strength: This will analyze the strengths of the company internally. Prioritized Failing: This will analyze the internal failing of the company that can impede them from accomplishing their ends. The company External analysis will be based on the followers ; Pestel Analysis: this will analyze the possible influence of the failure or success of the company strategies. Porter 5 forces: this will assist in analyzing the manner of attraction of the Clothing Industry. Critical Success Factors ( CSF’s ) : This will concentrate on some alone resources that make the company successful. Prioritized Opportunity: Prioritized Menace: Company: Inditex Group.The Inditex Group Company. a fabric design Industries is a Spanish Multinational vesture company. Inditex have its headquartered based in Arteixo. Galicia in Spain. The Inditex Group was founded and created by Amancio Ortega Gaona the wealthiest adult male in Spain and 3rd richest adult male in the universe in 1985 and by 2001 they went public and listed on the Bolsa de Madrid stock exchange market1. The Inditex Group which is now considered as the world’s largest vesture dress company in footings of gross revenues is made up of over 100 companies runing in fabric designs. fabrication. and distributions. Inditex presently have 8 strategic concern units runing in four geographical market segments2 which includes Spain. These strategic concern units includes ; Bershka. Massimo Dutti. Oysho. Pull A ; Bear. Stradivarius. Uterque. Zara. and Zara Home. Inditex strategic concern units jointly occupied about 6249 shops in 86 markets. Company Vision: Good Faith. Dialogue. and Transparency. Company Mission: Is to react with legerity to the demands of the market. This means that Inditex concentrate extremely on the customers’ demands and combines these demands with high grade of perpendicular integrating across all their concern country. Internal AnalysisFiscal Analysis:The cardinal net income driver for Inditex Group Company is Zara. lending 66. 11 % of the entire net gross revenues and 68. 5 % per square meter in 2012. while Bershka comes 2nd with 9. 31 % of entire net gross revenues in 2012. In footings of geographical part. the Europe ( excepting Spain ) . and Spain accounted for 45 % and 21 % of the entire net gross revenues severally. While the Americas and Asia ( Including remainder of the universe ) represents a important lower sum of 14 % and 20 % severally. In 2012 saw Inditex Group shops increases massively from 4264 shops in 2008 to 6009 shops in 2012. This shows an addition of 40. 92 % in shops from 2008 to 2012. Inditex Group Profitability. Liquidity and EfficiencyNet gross revenues additions twelvemonth over twelvemonth from 2008 to 2012. This shows an addition of 10. 3 % from 2007-2008. 6. 2 % addition from 2008-2009. 13. 40 % from 2009-2010. 10. 2 % from 2010-2011. and 15. 61 % from 2011-2012. This is boosted by the addition of gross revenues. higher net incomes margin and Numberss of new shops opened3. Overall. net gross revenues show an addition of 53. 22 % . While the Net net income soared by a monolithic 87. 26 % between 2008-2012. Prior to this. Inditex growing rate has maintained an norm of 16 % gross revenues growing and net income of 12 % for the past 10 old ages. The diminishing form of ROCE from 2008-2009. and besides in 2011 is due to a proportionate addition of operating disbursals. The Gross Profit Margin ( GP % ) has seen a slow addition from 2008-2012. This is due to the slower addition of cost of gross revenues ( COS ) . EBITDA additions by 20 % when compared to the old ol d ages and EBIT besides increased by 24 % when compared to the old old ages. DebtsA really low geared company. as Inditex Group Company managed to pay back some significant sum of debts through hard currency militias. The Group has 0. 08 % of debt to capital ratio which means that the company pay small attending when it comes to utilizing debts to finance undertakings. Investors Related Market Capitalization of 66. 883 bn euro.Share monetary value 106 euro as at 06/03/14Net incomes per portion has been increasing important from 2008-2012. Dividend per portion increased by 12. 5 % from 2011 to 2012.Inditex Group Company has a slow addition of gross revenues volumes over the old ages ; while some of the cardinal ratios reported a diminution form during some period. Inditex largely depends on the Europe excepting Spain and Spain market. nevertheless. with an optimistic hereafter growing in the Asia market. The company besides has a low geartrain ratio which gives them more fiscal border in footings of future enlargement. Support Inditex Group Company financess for its company through the issue of ordinary portion equity. debt funding. recognition installations and self-financing. The company have been profitable over the twelvemonth which makes them assumed sensible duty of non procuring adequate debt to finance its operations. So hence. in footings of liquidness. the company is non exposed to any important liquidness hazard as it maintains sufficient hard currency and hard currency equivalent which meet the escapes of its day-to-day operations. More so. the group are non as concerned about recognition hazard as they have a policy in topographic point that cover any gross revenues franchises and as their bulk of gross is made from retail gross revenues. so they make usage of hard currency aggregations or recognition payment. Inditex Group Company besides financess its concern by puting in marketable securities which includes short and long term debts with a adulthood of 90 yearss and 12 months severally. Thi s helps the Group in run intoing its short term duties. The group besides have near to 50 % bets in each of the five Economic Interest Groups they invest in. these groups are involves in leasing of assets. Human Resources and ManagementInditex is a multi-cultural and multi-racial company with 120. 314 employees and besides created about 10. 802 occupations in 2012. 82 % of Inditex staffs works under an indefinite contract. In footings of its multi-cultural lineage. Inditex employees are of over 130 nationalities and 45 working linguistic communications. Inditex has a immature work force with an mean age of 31 old ages old and 78. 7 % of its employees are females. Pablo Isla Alvarez de Tejera is the Chairman and Chief Executive Chairman of Inditex Group Company along with his Deputy Jose Amau Sierra has transformed the manner industry and created the world’s largest vesture and dress company in footings of gross. and the besides developed a strong distribution theoretical account which helped the group to understate their design to distribution procedure within a hebdomad. Overall. the Inditex board consist of 9 managers which include 4 executives’ managers and 5 non-executives managers. Inditex Group Company operates a multidivisional construction which helps them in back uping their planetary operations. At Inditex. the board of managers are the highest determination shaper ; they supervise and control the organic structure of the company apart from the affairs that were reserved to the general meeting of the stockholders. Inditex board of managers are besides intrusting with way. disposal. direction and representative of the company and direction of the daily activities of the company to the executives. They besides manage the squad and concentrating its attempts on general supervision map which include directing Inditex policy. doing relevant determinations and moving as a nexus with the stockholders of the company. Market AnalysisMarkets and sectionMost attractive market section is Asia marketMarket section by age. Young and in-between age group.MerchandisesInditex have changeless alterations to its merchandises lines.They have indistinguishable merchandises in all market sections.Inditex maintain wellness and safety merchandises standard4.Customers’ orientation: they analyse customers’ feedbacks in order to be able to place client tendencies. Monetary valueInditex has a standard monetary value in all markets sections.The pricing could be different in footings of exchange rate factors due to globalisation. It besides gives seasonal discount5 like December gross revenues.Inditex monetary value is considered to be medium with an exclusion of Massimo Dutti. Inditex Amongst Competition. PromotionInditex has a rigorous policy and zero advertizement.Online web site for each concern unit which consistently updates It has an Affinity card for clients: this influences customers’ loyalty6. It communicates with its clients through societal webs. Topographic pointLocation: All of Inditex shops all located at the chief shopping streets. A alone design which is influence by the civilization of the markets. A show tailored of the merchandiseThey have first-class clients serviceOnline shops for all its 8 concern units available in some major country7 The cardinal scheme of the Inditex selling sections are performed through customers’ orientation and satisfaction. Inditex chief sale-point is where directors received feedbacks from clients. the directors so report to the design sections in order to place and carried out what the customers’ value. Another factor that did the fast one for Inditex is their glamourous shops. where customers’ entree its latest merchandises which are ever updated four times in a month. The merchandise lifecycle and BCG matrix as you can see on the charts indicates an accurate reconciliation place within the Inditex portfolio. However. since merely one concern unit is placed on as a Cash Cow. so hence. legion investings might be needed so as to transform the Question Marks into Stars. Inditex Product Lifecycle. Inditex BCG MATRIX. Operation Analysis:Value Chain- Primary ActivitiesApproximately 1000 interior decorators are responsible for recognizing any alterations in manner and they are in charge of developing new theoretical accounts to fulfill customers’ desires. Most of the production takes topographic point in the Group’s ain mill. The group take full duty control of cloths supply. marker and film editing of the cloths till the finish goods. Over 50 per centum of Inditex fabrication is carried out by local providers. By the terminal of 2012. Inditex already had a sum of 1434 providers and all providers must hold to adhere to Inditex Code of Conduct. The cost of ware includes the cost of natural stuffs and consumables8. The Inditex Group has its ain logistic Centre. where all production is received and carried out. and so distributed to assorted shops worldwide9. Inditex operates 8 logistic Centres. at least one for each trade names and all of which are in Spain. Stores play important functio ns in Inditex concern model10. Value Chain- Secondary ActivitiesResearch and Development utilizing advanced technology11.Operates fabrication and procurement12.Research and Development of eco-efficiency13.Human Resources and Management14.Firm Infrastructure15.Corporate Social Responsibility16.Joint ventures and Strategic Alliances17. Inditex alone direction concern theoretical account is based on flexibleness and invention. and its vision of manner along with quality design and creativeness. together with a rapid response to clients demand has resulted in Inditex fast international enlargement and an first-class public presentation of its commercial formats. Inditex concern theoretical account is centred to its clients. shops. design/production. squads. and logistics. However Inditex group adopted a high grade of perpendicular integrating concern theoretical account when compared to its rivals. This allows Inditex to cover all stages of its manner procedure which includes design. industry. logistics and distribution. The group besides incorporated a grade of flexibleness construction with a strong focal point on customers’ demands in all its concern countries. Inditex views societal and environmental variables as a strategic factor for growing and sustenance for clients demand. The key to Inditex theoretic al account is its ability of go toing to clients desires in a shortest sum of clip possible. This is a cardinal value added activities of the Inditex group Company. Inditex Business Model Structure. Inditex Logistics Centres Prioritized StrengthsInditex is the universe largest vesture and dress company in footings of gross. Inditex has a great organisation cognition and expertness. This stands for alone resources and nucleus competencies of the company. It besides has a strong concern theoretical account ( core competency ) It has strong trade name ( alone resource )Inditex has a diversifying selling scheme ( core competency ) Prioritized WeaknessInditex depend on one planetary trade name ( Zara which generate 66. 11 % of its entire gross ) . It besides depends on two geographical parts ( Europe excepting Spain and Spain ) . Inditex is exposed to trade good rising prices. It has a centralized logistic Centre which may do some jobs in future enlargement. High preparation cost. External AnalysisP. E. S. T. E. L AnalysisPoliticalGlobal trade agreement18National trade relationship19Value added revenue enhancement ( VAT ) and foreign revenue enhancement policies.Change in authorities.Pressure group20.EconomicExchange rate: related to GBP. Us dollars. Nipponese Hankering: As the crisis in Europe country might do the Euro to be weaker than the Yen. so the company is likely to hold exchange loss. Year on twelvemonth alteration in GDP21. Fiscal market uncertainness.UnemploymentCommodity monetary value rising pricess: for case. the fuel monetary value addition in the Middle East due to the civil agitation may impact the company borders and besides increase the cost of transit. Inflation22 and Interest rate23. Socio-CulturalSocial dimension. corporate societal responsibility24 and reputes. Consumers’ ailments.Changes in consumers penchants.Changes in life styles and tendencies. New tendencies among the younger coevals in Europe and America. TechnologySpending on research and developmentInformation systemEco-efficiency25Tocopherol commerce26EnvironmentalKyoto protocolWaste and Recycling: more focal point on the attending of countries such as sustainable development. The consequence of planetary clime to the production of organic cotton. Toxic chemicals: this includes C footmark. LegalEmployment jurisprudence: this has something to make with Child labor and regulations and ordinances that relate to labor. Consumer jurisprudence: this respects jurisprudence and ordinance which relates to manners and vesture Patents and hallmarks Supplier rightsHealth and safety jurisprudence European companies will be assisted by the abolishment of fabric and vesture import quotas ( ATC ) in order to come in into the emerging market of Asia which doubtless counted for a immense important sum of the population of the universe. However. due to the uncertainnesss associated with political and economic state of affairss. this could increase the hazard of farther enlargement schemes. Although the monetary value of cotton has increases by more than $ 5 over the old ages while unemployment has risen high particularly in Greece and Spain with 28 % and 26 % severally which force fabric companies to potentially increase their market monetary values. while disposable income on vesture has lessening because the on-going job in the Eurozone consumer gives negatives signal to consumers which affect their assurance. but the confident degree in the emerging market ( Asia ) is optimistic. However. the monetary value deflation of fabrics which has been dated back to the 1990s boulder clay the start of the fiscal crisis. the change by reversaling tendencies now after the fiscal crisis have an consequence on the overall productiveness of the dress industry positively. Porters 5 ForcesMenaces of New EntrantsThere is economic of graduated tablesIt involves big capital investingThere is a trade name trueness in the industryThere is a merchandise distinctionPatent and protection dutiesModerate force which can be overcomeMenace of SubstitutePrice/performance ratioInditex other trade namesThere is zero exchanging costWeak forceThe Bargaining Power of BuyerDecentralized and Centralized BuyerThere is a low shift costThere is zero purchaser competition menaceModerate forceThe Bargaining Power of BuyerThere is fewer provider in the industryThere is a low provider competition menaceSuppliers of fabric and natural stuffsWeak forceCompetitive CompetitionThere is bing retail merchants every bit sizedSlow growing in the dress industryGreat distinctionModerate forceThree moderate forces and two weak forces make the vesture and dress industry unattractive for new rivals to interrupt into the industry. However. alterations to replace depends on the consumersâ€℠¢ penchants harmonizing to their perceptual experience of gustatory sensation. manner and budget. therefore it is high to exchange to other suppliers. Competitive competition is the strongest force assisted by the slow growing of the market. Prioritized OpportunityThere is still room to turn in the emerging market in this industry. Theabolishment of quotasOrganic market developmentTechnological InventionNew strategic AlliancePrioritized MenacesThere is high competitory competition in the industryThere is slow market growing in the industryAddition in trade good rising pricesChanges in consumers’ gustatory sensation or tendenciesExchange rates. Corporate SchemeStrategic PositionZara which is Inditex chief beginning of gross because of the sum it generated in footings of gross revenues is ranked on the 4th option of the Bowman strategic clock. it implement a wide distinction scheme. It offers merchandises to clients at an low-cost and sensible monetary value or a small higher because of its good perceptual experience of quality. enriches customers’ satisfaction and trueness. However. the first-class deployment of its alone resources and its nucleus competencies assist Zara to considered as the first mover in the industry27. One of its cardinal value added activities is its focal point on customers’ demands and a changeless alteration in its merchandise lines whilst keeping the same degree of monetary value allows Zara to accomplish a competitory advantage. Inditex has expanded and grown. harmonizing to the Ansoff matrix. By merchandise development: ( EcoFootDesign ) Systematic alterations in merchandises line a nd invention. Market incursion: it has increase portions of its cardinal bing markets. Market development: in 2010 saw Uterque one of Inditex concern unit opens its first shop in Russia which besides pave manner for Zara place and Zara to follow through. By related and unrelated Diversification: Zara and Massimo Dutti entered into the Indian market in 201028 and 201329 severally and Inditex enters the furniture retail industry30 through unrelated variegation. Inditex method of prosecuting its schemes. Organic development: Inditex uninterrupted public presentation and invention is acquired through their cognition and experience harmonizing to their bing resource and capablenesss. Through Acquisition and Takeover: in 1995-1996. Inditex acquired the whole of Massimo Dutti in a 100 % acquisition. Form a Strategic Alliance: A Joint Venture with the Tata Group to open the first Massimo Dutti shops in New Delhi. India. Inditex licence to other companies: production of finished goods through external providers. The Inditex Group Company adopted a parenting function by supplying a clear vision of its company objectives. it besides assists employees by supplying uninterrupted preparation and facilitating. and heightening through synergisms. Improvement in all Inditex sections is as a consequence of a great focal point in public presentation rating and monitoring. Inditex adopted different portfolio direction for each of its concern units. Harmonizing to the consequences of the strategic analysis. fiscal analysis. and SWOT analysis above. it has been good documented that the Inditex Group Company has a strong portfolio which make the company probably to get the better of any future uncertainnesss. as it was grounds in its fiscal public presentation that they keep turning even during the fiscal crisis of 2008-2009. they still achieve a important addition in gross. However. the job which the Inditex Group could be confronting sing their adopted schemes will be the complete dependance of its other seven ( 7 ) concern units which includes Bershka. Massimo Dutti. Oysho. Pull and Bear. Stradivarius. Uterque. and Zara Home over Zara which is the unit that generates over half of its entire gross revenues ( 66. 11 % ) . The Group should besides happen a manner to increase the per centums of gross revenues to geographical part like America which is has the lowest gross revenues geographically and besides in Asia which is an emerging market other than Europe. FUTURE STRATEGIESProposed scheme for the strongest SBU ( Zara )Merchandise development: the company should bring forth better quality of future merchandise lines. Market development: the company should travel on with farther enlargement in Europe market and the US market. Diversification: the company should come in into the dress athletics wear industry. Market incursion: the company should come in into the Australian market. Corporate Market incursion: farther enlargement in the Asia market.Backward integrating: to get a cloth providerConsolidation: weaken concern units should be strengthenForward integrating: fabrication and logistic procedure should be decentralised. Make Nothing: continue with the current operations. MentionsInditex SA. Bloomberg Market. [ Online ] Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. bloomberg. com/quote/ITX: SM Accessed on 20th of February. 2014. H A ; M ( 2014 ) . â€Å" H A ; M Opens foremost shop in East Asia† [ Online ] Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //about. hectometer. com/en/About/facts-about-hm/people-and-history/history. hypertext markup language Accessed on 23rd of February. 2014. Inditex. ( 2008 ) Inditex one-year study 2008. one-year study 2008. A Coruna: Inditex. Inditex. ( 2009 ) Inditex one-year study 2008. one-year study 2008. A Coruna: Inditex. Inditex. ( 2010 ) Inditex one-year study 2008. one-year study 2010. A Coruna: Inditex. Inditex. ( 2011 ) Inditex one-year study 2008. one-year study 2011. A Coruna: Inditex. Inditex. ( 2012 ) Inditex one-year study 2008. one-year study 2012. A Coruna: Inditex. Index Mundi. [ Online ] Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. indexmundi. com/commodities/ ? commodity=cotton Accesse d on 20th of February 2014. Unemployment Statistics. [ Online ] Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //epp. eurostat. European Union. Europa. eu/statistics_explained/index. php/Unemployment_statistics Accessed on 20th February. 2014.Fabric and Clothing. [ Online ] Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. companiesandmarkets. com/MarketInsight/Textiles-and-Clothing/Global-Apparel-Industry/NI7468 Accessed on 22nd of February. 2014.The Economics Times. [ Online ] Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //articles. economictimes. indiatimes. com/2013-04-29/news/38904773_1_brand-massimo-dutti-foreign-investment-promotion-board Accessed on 24th of February. 2014.

Definition and Examples of Evidence in Argument

Definition and Examples of Evidence in Argument In argument, evidence refers to facts, documentation or testimony  used to strengthen a claim, support an argument or reach a conclusion. The evidence isnt the same as proof. Whereas evidence allows for professional judgment, the proof is absolute and incontestable,  said Denis Hayes in Learning and Teaching in Primary Schools.   Observations About Evidence Without evidence to support them, any statements you make in your writing have little or no value; theyre simply opinions, and 10 people may have 10 different opinions, none of which is more valid than the others unless there is clear and potent evidence to support it. Neil Murray, Writing Essays in English Language and Linguistics,  2012When conducting empirical research, the researchers primary responsibility is to provide evidence to support his or her claim about the relationship between the variables described in the research hypothesis. T]he researcher must collect data that will convince us of the accuracy of his or her predictions. Bart L. Weathington et al., Research Methods for the Behavioral and Social Sciences,  2010 Making Connections David Rosenwasser and Jill Stephen comment on making connections that leave out the steps that lead to them in 2009s Writing Analytically.  Ã‚   A common assumption about evidence is that is is the stuff that proves Im right. Although this way of thinking about evidence is not wrong, it is much too limited. Corroboration (proving the validity of a claim) is one of the functions of evidence, but not the only one. Writing well means sharing your thought process with your readers, telling them why you believe the evidence means what you say it does. Writers who think that evidence speaks for itself often do very little with their evidence except put it next to their claims: The party was terrible: There was no alcohol or, alternatively, The party was great: There was no alcohol. Just juxtaposing the evidence with the claim leaves out the thinking that connects them, thereby implying that the logic of the connection is obvious. But even for readers prone to agreeing with a given claim, simply pointing to the evidence is not enough.   Qualitative and Quantitative Evidence Julie M. Farrar defines two kinds of evidence in Evidence:  Encyclopedia of Rhetoric and Composition,  from 2006. The mere presence of information does not constitute evidence; the informative statements must be accepted as evidence by an audience and believed by it to be relevant to the claim at issue. Evidence can be generally classified as qualitative and quantitative. The former emphasizes explanation and description, appearing continuous rather than discrete, while the latter offers measurement and prediction. Both kinds of information require interpretation, for at no time do the facts speak for themselves. Opening the Door In Evidence: Practice Under the Rules from  1999, Christopher B. Mueller and Laird C. Kirkpatrick discuss evidence as it relates to trial law. The more far-reaching effect of introducing evidence [in a trial] is to pave the way for other parties to introduce evidence, question witnesses and offer argument on the subject in attempts to rebut or confine the initial evidence. In the customary phrase, the party who offers evidence on a point is said to have opened the door, meaning that the other side may now make countermoves to answer or rebut the initial evidence, fighting fire with fire. Dubious Evidence In  Not on the Doctor’s Checklist, but Touch Matters from 2010 in The New York Times, Danielle Ofri discusses findings called evidence that isnt actually valid. [I]s there any research to show that a physical exam in a healthy person is of any benefit? Despite a long and storied tradition, a physical exam is more a habit than a clinically proven method of picking up the disease in asymptomatic people. There is scant evidence to suggest that routinely listening to every healthy person’s lungs or pressing on every normal person’s liver will find a disease that wasn’t suggested by the patient’s history. For a healthy person, an abnormal finding on a physical exam is more likely to be a false positive than a real sign of illness. Other Examples of Dubious Evidence America must not ignore the threat gathering against us. Facing clear evidence of peril, we cannot wait for the final proof, the smoking gun that could come in the form of a mushroom cloud. President George W. Bush, in justifying the invasion of Iraq in 2003  We have it. The smoking gun. The evidence. The potential weapon of mass destruction we have been looking for as our pretext of invading Iraq. Theres just one problem: its in North Korea. Jon Stewart, The Daily Show, 2005

Healthcare Management Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Healthcare Management - Research Paper Example For Mini, her job was to identify the managerial processes that must be implemented, designed, and completed prior to opening day. Till now, she had identified several processes, like financial management, human resources, supply chain management, governmental compliance, and credentialing that would work behind providing Dr. Yen his dream solo practice. However, the main challenge in this situation was to assure that the practice is ready to operate in 60 days. With no ray of sunshine coming from the sky, Mini hoped to find a lightning of creativity to identify managerial processes that must be implemented, designed, and completed prior to opening day. Mini set to work immediately and started with the background. FroYen Clinic is a clinic that is developed and made for those individuals who need services for a doctor in the area of XYM. The service that is to be set in motion in the coming 60 days has set its focus on those individuals as well as patients that need an affordable, re liable, and clean place for the cure of their illness or problems. The market identified therefore begins from low end and continues till the high end market where more preference is on those patients who have enough money for healthcare. In order to set the operations of FroYen Clinic in motion, the main objective is to begin a service for those individuals who have income for healthcare. ... With the help of Dr. Yen’s best physician practices, thereby depicting the service, maintenance of the quality standards, establishing a comforting environment for the patients, and the activation of strong managerial practices, the confidence of the targeted market would be easy to gain. Zwith the amount of revenue generated over the years, the clinic will also expand by purchasing the relevant machines. The financing will be carried out from the initial capital and loans. For FroYen Clinic to be operating in the health sector environment would mean adding a huge contribution to the already existing infrastructure. This step will therefore reduce the influx of patients for other hospitals at the XYM area. The established clinic will hence, possess sufficient resources and professional conduct of the physician that will work as an advantage for the FroYen Clinic as well as the patients most of the times. The clinic will be following a result based performance evaluation framew ork so that the inefficiencies can be soundly addressed to ensure greater quality. A solo practice faces a number of challenges but developing strategies to ensure availability of quality health service will work towards decreasing those challenges. FroYen Clinic will therefore work as a means to curing illness through the use of efficient medical treatments and will commence its operations in the coming 60 days. The clinic will start on July 10th 2012 and will be established at the XYM Place Nth Ave with one physician that is Dr. Yen, a physician assistant, a nurse practitioner, and a receptionist. The one Line Pitch identified for FroYen Clinic is therefore: â€Å"Because We

Promotional campaigns and consumers behavior Essay

Promotional campaigns and consumers behavior - Essay Example Currently,marketing creativity is focused on the study and analysis of consumer’s buying behavior.On the one hand,promotional campaigns that we can see every day may seem to us an ordinary event In reality, there is a need to cover numerous and diverse issues for marketers in order to satisfy the needs of the customers and make them buy a certain product. One may think that it is hardly realistic that a consumer may be influenced by some special strategies and appeal to: psychology of customers (the way they think; the way the customer is influenced by his environment); the behavior of customers in the process of shopping; the value of products and a real value of a certain product for the customers and many other factors (Alba and Hutchinson, 1987). Basically, there is a need for marketers to conduct a study of â€Å"individuals, groups, or organizations and the processes they use to select, secure, use, and dispose of products, services, experiences, or ideas to satisfy nee ds and the impacts that these processes have on the consumer and society" (Mullen and Johnson 1990, p. 18). Theoretical overview Basically, in order to give an exact answer to the question ‘why promotional campaigns should take into account consumer’s behavior’, it is relevant to refer to the theoretical background of consumer’s psychology. Starting from 70s, scientists and researchers have underlined that consumer’s behavior is greatly influenced by their family members.... Moreover, a complicated nature of a comprehensive buyer’s behavior model is often considered to be inefficient in predicting consumer’s behavior in the future do to its complicated nature. There are two main approaches to the study of consumer’s behavior: the Behavioral Decision Theory and Social-Cognition Approaches to Consumer Research. Both these strategies are based on customer’s perception of a product and an intention to buy it in his consciousness (Alba and Hutchinson, 1987). Daniel Kahneman and Amos Tversky are representatives of BDT approach to the study of consumer’s behavior. Consumer’s choice is the main objective of the scientists’ researches. A practical aspect In order to practically implement a theoretical knowledge about a consumer’s choice which is shaped under the influence of his consciousness, the promotional campaigns are developed with regard to the mental and social peculiarities, economical and many othe r factors of the target group (Holbrook, 1999). For example, it is rather hard to promote products of daily consumption. There are a lot of different producers and very often a consumer’s choice can be easily changed. â€Å"A Cup of Instant Culture† is a slogan created by Maxwell Coffee in previous years. In XXI century drinking coffee is an integral part of an individual’s image (Aaker, J.L., 1997). For example, if advertising campaign shows a smiling business woman or business man who drinks coffee, the consumers people in their consciousness would perceive this ad as exemplifying two concepts ‘success’ and ‘coffee’ as interrelated ones (Gerritt, 1999). In the modern world we often see exotic advertising of coffee. Coffee

Case study Essay Example for Free

Case study Essay The resource allocation for each activity for each week and the total weekly resource assignments are show in Figure 1, which is a Gantt chart along with a histogram. Now, examine Figure 1 closely. Using the concept of resource leveling, determine the flaws in this resource schedule, write down the disadvantages of such resource loading and develop a more leveled schedule. This forms your Exercise 2 for this week. Candace Given below is the information about the IT project we discussed in our Lesson 5 commentary under Resource Leveling. Also given below is the current resource loading Gantt chart along with a histogram. Now, have a close look at figures given below and using the concept of resource leveling, determine the flaws in this resource schedule, write down the disadvantages of such resource loading, and develop a more leveled schedule. For your ready reference, an Excel sheet (ResourceLevelingExercise. xls) is provided to complete this exercise.

Free Essay: 17th century Life Exposed in Nathaniel Hawthornes The Scarlet Letter :: Scarlet Letter essays

17th century Life Exposed in The Scarlet Letter The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne expresses the aspects of relationships, religion, community, discipline and punishment in the puritan community of 17th century Boston. Relationships between men and women were very constrained and that is what made adultery such a bad sin in the eyes of everyone in the community. Religion seemed to govern over all, people would look up to reverends and the community believed that fate was their destiny. Public discipline and punishment were used to discourage everyone else from committing the same crime or sin as the offending "criminal" did. The community was to follow the beliefs of god and to do their duties the best they could, yet were there to criticize and punish all who disobeyed the religion or laws. In 17th century Boston every thing was very strict and everyone was expected to follow the laws, which makes Hester's sin such an excellent example of the beliefs of that time period. The first scaffold scene is very important because the scene sums up the beliefs of the general public at that time, and gives a prospective of what Hester Prynne must deal with. In the beginning of chapter two the scene is descri bed as "it could have betokened nothing short of the anticipated execution of some noted culprit,"(47) showing that the whole town was there for a ruthless public punishment. The crowd was not there for an execution though, but there for a public punishment of Hester Prynne who had committed adultery. A townsman describes Hester's punishment to a stranger as, "they have doomed Mistress Prynne to stand only a space of three hours on the platform of the pillory, and then thereafter, for the remainder of her natural life, to wear a mark of shame upon her bosom."(58) This scene shows the weight of values and morals upon society in the 17th century and how public punishment was not only used as punishment but as a way to discourage others from committing the same crime. The community was key in this punishment because it helped alienate Hester and further her pain. The punishment brings forth Hester's underlying pain, "[Hester] sent forth a cry she turned her eyes downward at the scarlet letter, and even touched it with her finger, to assure herself that the infant and the shame were real.

Forms of Greatness Essay

In the comedic play of â€Å"Twelfth Night† by William Shakespeare, a phony letter supposedly written by Olivia (which is really Maria), left for Malvolio to find, which he reads it out loud. He read the quote: Some are born great, some achieve greatness, and some have greatness thrust upon ’em, Act II, Scene V. The quote itself explains that although Malvolio is not born great, he can still become â€Å"great† by doing certain tasks, which makes him behave like a complete fool. Greatness happens when one have the act to live his and her life with dignity and pride and to love oneself and also, others. Greatness comes through birth, or determination, or maybe by luck. It is true that there are people who are born great, who are destine to do well but besides that, there are many ordinary people who achieves greatness by working hard, for example. However, there are also people who becomes great by having greatness thrust upon them, who are put in a situation and comes out great. Basically, everyone has greatness and people must be great for others, too. Achieving greatness is the most admirable form of greatness because everyone have the ability to accomplish greatness, although there are various paths to it. Anyone is capable of acquiring greatness but it requires enormous amount of inner strength. Being a great person does not mean he or she have to be known by the whole world, however, being an admirable person means being that somebody who can bring great presence for oneself and the surroundings. The least admirable form of greatness is being thrust upon them, because they did not seek nor expect greatness, but they found themselves in situations that requires them to do something unusual. The people who have greatness thrust upon ’em are put into a position where they have no choice but to do something to save people lives, like the American soldiers serving for their country, for example. The children of Will Smith named Jaden and Willow Smith can be consider great that have acquired as they grow up. Their parents are very known, famous Hollywood stars, which makes them being born great. They grow up with wealth and also, follows their father’s footstep on film and music industry, which makes them become popular. I can personally say that my mother have achieved greatness by her efforts and hard work to become a teacher. Although she is not considered great from birth, my mom have had a great potential as she grew up. As an example of someone who have greatness thrust upon others are the American troops and soldiers who serves for our country. Maybe some volunteered to represent America but most of the soldiers are placed on a daring situation where they are forced to save the country. Barack Obama, the President of the United States can be seen to achieved greatness through his own struggle because he was born into uncertainty. He is not a son of a king and heirs to the throne, he is one born as an ordinary person. It takes many years of study and hard work to get to the top: Obama is one of the brilliant people to win praises for their own success and he is a great example of one who achieves greatness.

Getting to Know Cagayan Essay

I. Description Cagayan is a province of the Philippines in the Cagayan Valley region in Luzon. Its capital is Tuguegarao City and is located at the northeastern corner of the island of Luzon. Cagayan also includes the Babuyan Islands to the north. The province borders Ilocos Norte and Apayao to the west, and Kalinga and Isabela to the south. Cagayan is part of one of the largest valleys in the Philippines formed by the majestic Sierra Madre and Cordillera mountain ranges. It is traversed by the mighty 330-km long Cagayan River and its various tributaries. The province could have gotten its name from the Ilocano word carayan or â€Å"big river,† referring to the Rio Grande De Cagayan, the longest river in the country, which bisects its valley from north to south. Or it could have been derived from the tagay trees (tall hardwood) that grew along the river banks. It is possible that the area was called Catagayan, meaning â€Å"where the tagay abounds.† The earliest inhabitants were the Aetas, short dark-skinned nomads belonging to the Negrito family. They were followed by Indo-Malay immigrants who came to be known as Ybanags The majority of people living in Cagayan are of Ilocano descent, mostly from migrants coming from the Ilocos Region. Originally, the more numerous group were the Ybanags, who were first sighted by the Spanish explorers and converted to Christianity by missionaries. This is why the Ibanag language spread throughout the area prior to the arrival of Ilocanos. II. Culture, Way of Life, Values, Religion and Beliefs Cagayan is a very ancient civilization. It has its distinct, rich and diverse culture. Commerce and trade was practiced by its inhabitants and has flourished with the Japanese, Chinese and other neighbor Asian countries even before the Spanish colonizers reached its shores. The province’s agricultural production is concentrated on two areas. The Cagayan River Delta produces rice, corn, vegetables, and rootcrops. The region near the boundary with Isabela contains a number of large tobacco plantations. Agricultural products also are of peanut, beans, and fruits. Livestock products include cattle, hogs, carabaos, and poultry. Fishing various species of fish from the coastal towns is also undertaken. Woodcraft furniture made of hardwood, rattan, bamboo, and other indigenous materials are also available in the province. The mountain ranges yield good hardwoods, as well as rattan and other forest products used in cottage industries. Fishing is a major industry in the coastal areas. Its ancientness is evidenced by the presence of centuries-old churches and other religious relics, archeological sites of nomadic tribes, and richness of its local language and culture. The oldest bell in the country, cast in 1592, still peals from the tower of the church in Camalaniugan. The old brick works in Tuguegarao lie inside the city and speak of a time when bricks were extensively used to build the beautiful churches of the Cagayan. Cagayan with its ancientness is still replete with adventure and excitement. It can flaunt its pristine natural beauty and endowment. It has breathtaking sceneries, beaches, and cavernous caves, thunderous falls, rapids, rivers, limestone mountains, thick and virgin forests, verdant valleys and many more. Also, it is a land of many opportunities having one of the largest fertile alluvial plains, grazing lands and fishing grounds (both marine and inland waters) in the Philippines and a continuous and sustainable supply of production materials. Multi-lingual, warm, gentle and amiable people await you in this remaining patch of tropical paradise in Northern Philippines. III. Land and Topography The province is bounded by the Pacific Ocean on the east; on the south by Isabela province; on the west by the Cordillera Mountains; and on the north by the Balintang Channel and the Babuyan Group of Islands. About two kilometers from the northeastern tip of the province is the island of Palaui; a few kilometers to the west is Fuga Island. The Babuyan Group of Islands, which includes Calayan, Dalupiri, Camiguin, and Babuyan Claro, is about 60 nautical miles (110 km) north of Luzon mainland. The province comprises an aggregate land area of 9,002.70 square kilometers, which constitutes three percent of the total land area of the country, making it the second largest province in the region. Cagayan has 28 municipalities and one city divided into three congressional districts. It has 820 barangays. Tuguegarao City (as of December 18, 1999) is the provincial capital, regional seat, and center of business, trade, and education. It has a land area of 144.80 square kilometers and a population of 120,645 as of 2000. Seasons in the province are not very pronounced. Relatively dry season occurs during the months of March to June and rainy season from July to October, although it is relatively cold during the months of November to February. IV. What did you learn for this ethnic group and its relation for cultural anthropology Due to the influx of Ilokano migrants in the last century, majority of the people of Cagayan speak Iloko as their primary tongue. Aside from the Ilokanos, there are several smaller ethnic groups that live in the province. The Ybanags are the dominant ethnic group in the vicinity of the provincial capital of Cagayan-—Tuguegarao, now a city. The closely related Itawits inhabit the Pinacanauan River valley as well as areas of Amulung and Tuao. The Malawegs are found mainly in the municipality of Rizal . In the foothills and the mountains of the Sierra Madre Range , several Negrito groups called the Agtas forage and hunt for food. The established lingua franca of the province is Ybanag. The Ybanags, Itawits and Malawegs are mainly lowland farmers whose agricultural practices are similar to those of the Ilokanos. The Ybanags used to inhabit the area along the Cagayan coast but migrated further inland. They conducted trade with neighboring areas using distinctive sea crafts, and their commercial interests made their language the medium of commerce throughout the region before the influx of Ilokano migrants. They are also excellent blacksmiths and continue to make good bolos. The Ybanags are reputed to be the tallest of all the ethno-linguistic groups in the Philippines The Itawits are almost indistinguishable from the Ybanags. They build their houses with separate kitchens, connected by a narrow walkway that is used as washing area for hands and feet. The Itawits are noted for their pottery and basket-weaving traditions.

GCGDAs Project Management

GCGDAs Project Management Introduction Project management plays a foreground role in the utilization of organizational resources and achievement of the organizational goals. Project management inculcates processes, activities, systems, structures and people in the organization.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on GCGDA’s Project Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It determines how the interplay between the mentioned factors contributes to the success of this organization (OConnell 1994). This study highlights the various issues that are cardinal for effective and efficient project management within the context of GCGDA. Project management in GCGDA’s perspective can be defined as an organizational function that integrates basic management elements such as organizing, controlling, planning, and coordination with strategic management practices. As such, project management provides the opportunity to the organization to expand, improve performance and ensure increased service delivery in games related issues (Project Management Institute 2000). The element of improvement, as touched in this case, implies that project management has inherent characteristic of change. Every aspect of project management must come with change which may influence the size, structures, systems, and activities within an organization. Project management has also been defined as the process which entails coordination of management, setting of organizational priorities, and support initiatives aimed at delivering benefits to a business entity. This definition incorporates the fact that projects may be range of single management activities or a portfolio of business activities aimed at improving the performance of the entity (Murray-Webster Thiry 2000). Project management involves different scenarios that depend on the nature of the organization. For instance, in a program based organization, projects are managed in order to achieve the strategic objectives of the business. Such organizations operate several projects at the same time where every department has its own separate responsibilities. The role of the project manager in this case is to ensure that all projects are aimed at achieving the overall strategic objective of the organization. The overall project manager delegates duties to the various heads of departments and coordinates their activities (OConnell 1994).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The other scenario is a multi-project entity where programs are handled from a consolidated perspective. The projects in this case are also operated simultaneously. However, not all of them contribute to the objectives of the organization. The failure of one project does not affect the performance of other projects in the organization since they are not are not related, however, they share the same resources and may be managed by one project manager. This scenario can be applied to the GCGDA context where several project goals can be pursued. For example, currently the entity is working on a project to include wrest lining in 2014 Olympic Games, while at the same time organizing the venue for the games. The duty of the project manager in this context is to assess the performance of every project and determine the amount of resources that are required for each project (Project Management Institute 2000). Every project within the context of GCGDA is expected to enable the organization to achieve its objectives. The project should also enable the organization to utilize its resources effectively and improve its performance. On the other hand, the project manager is expected to be a good decision maker who has vast knowledge and experience in project management that are related to the issue of games. Moreover, the project manager is also expected to be a person who is respon sive to change (Murray-Webster Thiry 2000). Response To ensure success in this context, emphasis should be laid on the project goals and objectives, the project resources, the sources of project funds, and the key issues that affect the performance of the project. Key Issues The major issues in the project include project scope, risk factors, and project cost. The project scope entails all activities and programs that fall within the goals and objectives of the project. Risk factors in this case include political interference, changes in the rules and regulations that may affect the performance of the project, and issues such as labor problems. With regards to cost, ineffective cost management may lead to project failure (Project Management Institute 2000). Roles and Power of the Project Manager The project manager has the responsibility of ensuring the success of the project. The manager plans, controls, and coordinates the activities of the project. The manager also determines ho w resources should be allocated in the project. In collaboration with the board, the manager also assesses the performance of the project. The project manager also reports project information to the stakeholders who include the following: The chairman of CWG Representatives from different countries The project evaluation committee Sport entities such FIFA. Skills and attributes of the project manager GCGDA will expect the project manager to posses the following skills:Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on GCGDA’s Project Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Good decision making skills Good communication skills Ability to integrate issues of games into project management Ability to embrace and implement change Competency in management of games related issues Summary Project management plays a cardinal role in the improvement of organizational performance. The most important in project management is the p roject manager who should identify the type of scenario that is appropriate for the project and also identify the various key issues involved in the project. Project management requires proper coordination and communication between the manager and technical team that is charged with the duty of ensuring project success (Weber 1999). Project Control Project control can be defined as an action taken by the project management to correct deviations in the performance or a strategy that is needed to enable the project managers to overcome uncertainties. Project control compares the project activities and progress against the project metrics (Searne Thompson 2009). Project Management Control System At the initiation stage, GCGDA will be required to define the project scope, define the roles of the participants, provide information to the project participants, and initiate performance reviews for the project workers. With regards to design, the entity will need the following; design speci fications which may include the nature of games to be improved, design management software, and project time span. The construction requirements for control purposes will involve the following; size and location where games project will be pursued, project utility requirements, and project operational schedule (OConnell 1994). Project Control Elements Controls elements in a project are the variables that directly affect the performance of the project. GCGDA must embrace elements which include cost, time, scope, and resources such as labor. With regards to cost, issues such as cost control, cost management, cost forecasting are the major factors that affect project performance. The other aspect that is related to cost management is proper budgeting to ensure that the available funds can meet all the project requirements without difficulties. Methods used The success of control initiatives in project management depends on the approaches that are used in handling control. The common me thods include the following: cash flows, audits, inspections, EVA, and KPIs. Cash Flows Regulation of cash flows is another method of controlling project issues especially the expenditure of financial resources. A cash flow provides important information to the project manager by comparing the project’s income activities and expenditure. Cash flow control initiatives require from the project manager to determine the revenues of the project for every activity.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The manager should also refine the actual cash flow and compare the actual and expected expenditures. One of the challenges that managers face when regulating cash flows is the issue of uncertainties and change (Searne Thompson 2009). Audits Project audit is reviewing the project objectives and goals to identify whether the project is able to meet the needs of the clients. The project audit should be conducted on a regular basis to identity particular areas of improvement during the project lifecycle. The main aim of the project audit is to ensure that project activities are in tandem with the goals and objectives of the project. It is also aimed at identifying various errors or sources of mistakes that may interfere with the attainment of the project objectives (Project Management Institute 2000). Project Inspection Inspection is another control initiative that is used in project management. Inspection entails a proper review of all the elements that are involved in project contro l. Inspection can be done on the operations of the project to determine whether they are in tandem with the expected project schedules (Ferns 1991). Cost inspection is conducted to determine the cost behavior of various aspects that are used in the operations. For example, an inspection of the labor cost will enable the project manager to identify whether the cost of labor is constant or changes according to the level of productivity and time. Inspection can also be done on the whole project to identify if the available funds are able to meet the budget (Reiss 1996) EVAs EVA in project management ensures that there is a common approach to monitoring the verification and validation of the project deliverables. The process identifies a verification method for each deliverable in the project (OConnell 1994). Reporting the Information Reporting the project information to the users must be done in a proper manner that enables the information users to get the right data concerning project development. Apart from the written information, the report will also contain the graphs, which will outline the expenditure, progress, risk factors, and cost patterns. The information will be targeting the project stakeholders such as sponsors of the project, committee, board of directors and the representatives of the participants that will use the project (Spencer Spencer 2008). How the Data Will Be Presented The project data will be presented in tables and graphs. For example, S curves will be useful in communicating the resources and the amount funds GCGDA has used in the project. The tools for reporting the information will include the following: Power point presentation Video conferencing Projectors Using the aforementioned tools will enable the project stakeholders to understand the project information. It will also enable GCGDA to conduct a proper audit of the project information. Some challenges may interfere with the reporting of the project such as unavailability of appropriate reporting tools, selection of the part to be reported, and lack of adequate time to give a detailed report. The information will also have to be changed according to the level of management. For instance, general project information will be reported to all the stakeholders while particular issues such as cost patterns and budget will be reported to the top management in the organization (Searne Thompson 2009). Summary Project control is very cardinal in ensuring project success in this regard, GCGDA should therefore identify the various control elements and establish effective control methods such as cash flows, inspection, auditing, and inspection. Communicating project control information should also be done using the most appropriate tools. Project planning Project planning is another important element that is cardinal for the success of the project. Different planning approaches can be adopted in project management depending on the context and the management style. Lean Time Planning Lean time planning technique is used in project management to ensure continuous improvement of the project processes and activities. It enables an organization to improve the quality of products by identifying and eliminating errors in the production process (Ferns 1991). Lean time planning is applied in manufacturing organizations where it is used to plan production processes. The main disadvantage of this technique is that it may lead to production failures, especially where â€Å"Just in Time† method fails to deliver the required inventory. Lean time planning may also interfere with resource allocation strategies designed by an organization (Project Management Institute 2000). For instance, the company may be forced to produce goods according to the designed production schedules, which may interfere with the resource utilization (Searne Thompson 2009). Collaborative Planning Collaborative planning can be defined as a planning approach where project mana gers design the project activities through close collaboration with the suppliers (Spencer Spencer 2008). The suppliers and the project team work together to determine the inventory utilization and delivery programs in order to avoid any form of delay that may interfere with the performance of the project (Weber 1999). The advantages of collaborative planning include the ability to create good forecasts since the supplier provides reliable information on delivery. The planning approach also enables the project management and the suppliers to create a joint plan for the project which is important in management of project resources, it also provides the project management with the possibility to monitor inventory. Collaborative planning allows the project manager to develop a framework for efficient flow of information from the supplier to the client (Weber 1999). However, collaborative planning may become hectic for the project managers, especially in circumstances where the project depends on many suppliers. It will be difficult to work with more than one supplier to ensure that the project activities are carried out collaboratively (Ferns 1991). Sometimes collaborative planning consumes a lot of time to get materials into organization and ensures effective utilization of it in case of the delays on the side of the supplier (Searne Thompson 2009). Collaborative planning also exposes the project to many risk factors which may lead to project failure (Project Management Institute 2000). Critical Chain Programming Critical programming involves a process where the activities of the project are planned for a long term orientation. This method of planning is useful where the project manager is interested in the long term objectives. Critical chain programming can be applied in situations where the project objectives should be achieved in stages (OConnell 1994). The project manager divides the project into various sections each with different objectives and timelin es. The resources of the organization also allocated to the projects depending on the time lime. Critical chain programming enables the organization to handle a complex project without lot difficulties (Spencer Spencer 2008). The other advantage is that critical chain programming ensures effective utilization of resources. The project also gives the suppliers the opportunity to deliver based on the buffer requirements for the project (Ferns 1991). However, critical chain programming has been criticized as one of the project planning approaches that could easily lead to project failure due to the fact that it takes a lot of time to plan for the resources and get the project aired in time. The approach may also waste a lot of resources due to regular changes in project scope and design and there is also close attention among the project participants to the project objectives and goals making it impossible to assess the project on a regular basis. Moreover, the critical chain programm ing method is difficult to coordinate since the project is divided into different sections that have different timelines (Project Management Institute 2000). The Last Planner The last planner method is a technique that predicts the workflows in project management. This method is applied in the construction sector where it enables the constructors to identify conflicts in operation to achieve master scheduling and also help in the identification of long term lead objectives. Despite the mentioned advantages, last planner approach may interfere with the normal working schedule since it is conducted on a regular basis. The method also gives more authority to the project supervisor while ignoring other individuals that are involved in the project, like the technical team for example (Weber 1999). Critical Path Method The critical path method is one of the planning techniques that are used in project management. CPM as a project planning tool enables the project manager to identify how t echnical activities and processes will be pursued. The planning approach is applicable in a scenario where there is a need to speed up the project due to limited time. In this approach, project activities are pursued in a given sequence where one activity leads to the next. This method is used in handling complex projects such as chemical processing. The main advantages of CPM include predicting the time needed for the project, providing a graphical view of the project and identifying activities that are critical (Searne Thompson 2009). However, critical path has some disadvantages which include overreliance on project software and the project cannot be pursued without software since it involves complex operations. The failure of one activity may lead to the failure of the whole project since the project activities take place in a definite sequence (Project Management Institute 2000). Summary Project planning is the key tool that in project management that enables effective utiliza tion of resources. GCGDA should use the best planning approach that is relevant to the nature of the project. Collaborative planning is recommended in this case since the entity will need to work together with the project suppliers. Reference List Ferns, D 1991, Developments in Programme Management. International Journal of Project Management. Vol. 9, p. 148-156. Murray-Webster, R Thiry, M 2000, Managing Programmes of Projects: Gower Handbook of Project Management. Gower Publishing, New York. OConnell, F 1994, How to Run Successful Projects, Prentice Hall, New Jersey. Project Management Institute, 2000, A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge, Newton Square, Pennsylvania USA. Reiss, G 1996, Programme Management Demystified; Managing Multiple Projects Successfully, E FN Spoon, London. Searne, S Thompson, 2009, Control of Engineering Projects. Thomas Telford, New York. Spencer, L Spencer, S 2008, Competence at work, John Wiley Sons, New York. Weber, M 1999, The Theory of Social and Economic Organization, Free Press, New York.

Free sample - Tattooing and Perceptions. translation missing

Tattooing and Perceptions. Tattooing and PerceptionsA tattoo can be described as a mark on the skin which is made by putting a rather permanent ink meant for decoration purposes. This is mostly the case with persons, but it is different with animals as their tattoo is meant for identification purposes (Armstrong Fell, 2000). As far as perception of tattooing is concerned, I can say it is influenced by the environment we are staying in. This has something to do with people close to us, cultural background and the community’s acceptance (Armstrong Fell, 2000). This essay will start by giving a brief trend on tattoo in regard to men’s fashion. It will proceed to focus on the perception of tattoo in our society. How do people perceive tattoos? What are they basically associated with? What influence do they have in our society? And how popular is this trend? It appears like all and sundry has a tattoo now a days. This trend which was a habit associated with bandits has surprisingly been given a second look by many. A new trend is in the offing a people try to establish themselves using tattoos (Armstrong Fell, 2000). From logos of big institutions to their own creations people are streaming in tattoo shops to have their designs put on them. Unlike the archaic way of putting these tattoos, that was very common in the past a new trend where tattoos are being administered using a machine is in the offing. This has made the whole process more comfortable and easier (Taylor, 1970). Some researchers argue that the trend in tattooing and piercing indicates a shift in fashion and a break with body art's exclusive association with lower class people and deviant activities (Taylor, 1970). In this argument, the concept that tattoos or piercings are a form of self-mutilation or a way of expressing a negative attitude is rejected (Martin, 1997). However, little evidence has been presented to demonstrate that the association between tattooing and various negative behaviors or personality disorders was unjustified in the past or has changed in the current culture. Different people have portrayed diverse perceptions on tattoos. A good example is given with yakuza tribe in Japan who normally use tattoo to identify themselves with their clan. Going by the evil deeds one has committed, they usually tattoo a ring which is black in color to indicate that (Taylor, 1970). Generally, the tattoo is used by the yakuza to indicate their unwillingness in getting in touch with other societies, in other words they just want to be. The perception in Japan, just like in many places in the world has not changed a lot. For instance, in some restaurants in Japan they usually turn down offers on those people who are tattooed (Armstrong Fell, 2000). Secondly, another perception about tattooing is that, it has been viewed by many as an impulsive or irresponsible behavior and has been associated with psychiatric disturbances in some literature. As increasingly diverse groups of people get tattoos, popular perceptions are often discordant with the individual meanings behind tattoos. Still, tattooing is often seen as a negative behavior (Armstrong Fell, 2000). Previous research has highlighted several stereotypes about those with tattoos, including being unsuccessful in school, coming from broken homes, having an unhappy childhood, rarely attending church, having poor decision-making skills, usually obtaining body modifications while inebriated, and being easy victim to peer pressure (Armstrong, 1994). Tattoos are associated with so many thins ax explained in this case study. A recent study examined the attitudes toward tattooing of 287 participants using ratings of "avatars" or virtual computer human characters. Researchers found that those avatars with tattoos and other body modifications were rated as more likely to be thrill and adventure seekers, to have a higher number of previous sexual partners, and to be less inhibited than non-tattooed avatars, and that this was more so for male avatars with body modifications (Taylor, 1970). In yet another perception on tattoo, Taylor (1968) found that among delinquent girls incarcerated in juvenile facilities, the more heavily tattooed were more aggressive, uncooperative, and unstable in addition to being more criminal in their attitude and behavior. Female prison inmates with tattoos were more likely to have been in all four types of institutionsjuvenile halls, reformatories, jails, and prisons (Fox, 1976). In a later study, tattooed women prisoners had more violent and aggressive offenses in addition to more prior convictions (Taylor, 1970). While in prison, women with tattoos were more frequently charged with violation of prison rules, with fighting, and with insubordination. In research involving college student respondents, males with tattoos were more likely to report having been arrested and females with tattoos were more likely to report shoplifting (Drews et al., 2000). Tattooed people have been found to be more likely to engage in substance abuse. Prior studies have reported strong associations between tattoos and homosexual orientation for both males and females (Fox, 1976; Taylor, 1970). With tattoos becoming more popular, stereotypes once commonly held, and sometimes supported by older literature or by studies done with particular subpopulations (e.g., prisoners, juvenile delinquents), may no longer be true. It will be interesting to see how the literature shifts as norms change, and whether or not stigmatization is slow or rapid in its catching up to reality (Fox, 1976; Taylor, 1970). What influence do tattoos have in our society? In the recent research, tattoos have been confirmed as the most recent of all the time to most parents. It has been indicated that, a good percentage of teenagers have been affected by this trend. This trend is emanating from the celebrities with whom the teens associate with (Fox, 1976; Taylor, 1970). What is even more worrying is the fact that, while imitating these people, they are also picking on other habits apart from tattoos. In one of the states, this trend has led to establishment of a law to curb this worrying yet rampant behavior. A good example is Minnesota, where the authority categorically stated that underage won’t be allowed to have tattoos even with approval of their parents. It has been confirmed that most of these teenagers are deriving pleasure from getting tattoos and is affecting their life later. They ignorantly engage in putting them to identify themselves with certain groups.   Sooner or later they realize the mistake and start regretting looking for solutions (Armstrong Fell, 2000). The end result is that, they are left with more problems than earlier thought. In Minnesota, the laws are very clear on this and it’s only grown ups that are recognized to enjoy this privilege. It is worth noting that, unless something is done to curb this behavior we are son going to have all teens adopting this behavior (Armstrong et al., 2000). Tattoos have become very popular with time. Estimates for the prevalence of tattooing itself have varied from a low of 3% in a random national survey conducted in 1990 (Armstrong Fell, 2000) to 25% of people 15-25 years old (Armstrong et al., 2000). The Alliance of Professional Tattooists estimates that 15-20% of teenagers are tattooed (Braithwaite et al., 1998). Nationwide estimates vary from 7 million people to 20 million people with tattoos (Grief, et al., 1999; Martin et al., 1995) In conclusion, the above essay is a clear indication that tattoos have become part of our lives and it is a fact we cannot deny. To see that it has been adapted as a tradition in some communities is no mean achievement. However, the society cannot bury its head in the sand on the effects the tattoo has on the teens (Armstrong Fell, 2000). Works cited: Fox, J. (1976). Self-imposed stigmata: A study among female inmates. Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation, State University of New York at Albany. Drews, D., Allison, C., Probst, J. (2000). Behavior and self concept differences in tattooed and nontattooed college students. Psychological Reports, 86, 475-481 Armstrong, M. (1991). Career oriented women with tattoos. Image-The Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 23(4), 215-220. Greif, J., Hewitt, W., Armstrong, M. (1999). Tattooing and body piercing. Clincial Nursing Research, 8(4), 368-385. Martin, A. (1997). On teenagers and tattoos. Journal of American Academy of Child Psychiatry, 36(6), 860-861. DeMello, M. (1995). Not just for bikers anymore: Popular representation of American tattooing. Journal of Popular Culture, 29(3), 37-52.

Proposal Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Proposal - Assignment Example Registration with the government authorities will offer a proper means of tracking such fraudsters. All Websites operating as sells agents without registration should be closed down with immediate effect so as to safeguard the welfare of the members of the public. The law will ensure that only registered firms and organization that can be held liable in cases of fraud are allowed to operate in e-commerce (Manzoor, 2010). The proposed law is set to offer a good environment for the online business organization by ensuring fair and healthy competition. This will enable the businesses to make good profit reducing the risks of having their operations terminated by the authorities (Dholakia, et. al, 2002). The proposed legislation will hinder small scale businesses who cannot meet the terms of registration from taking part in online business (Khosrow-Pour, 2004). Businesses that desire to sell their products online under short-term notice cannot do so as they have to comply with the registration requirements. The legislation will prevent online shoppers from obtaining products at low prices from unregistered online suppliers. Consumers who do not want to engage in official sales terms are likely to lose after the enactment of this proposed law. Unintended consequence likely to emerge from the proposed law is reduction in the number of organizations that take part in e-commerce and this is likely to have negative impact on the economy. Companies that fail to register with the authorities will have to find other means of selling their products besides online business (Plant,